Live Hacking Os: The Ultimate Linux Distribution for Ethical Hacking and Penetration Testing
- gilatalina
- Aug 19, 2023
- 11 min read
Web site: www.livehacking.com/live-hacking-cd/Origin: USACategory: Security, PentestDesktop environment: GNOMEArchitecture: x86Based on: UbuntuWikipedia: Media: Live DVDThe last version Released: 1.3a May 2009
Live Hacking Os
The Live Hacking DVD is designed for ethical computer hacking, meaning that it contains the tools and utilities you need to test and hack your own network but using the tools and techniques that more malicious hackers would use.
The Live Hacking Mini CD is a small Linux distribution designed for ethical computer hacking. Based on its bigger brother (the Live Hacking DVD) this mini distribution contains the tools and utilities you need to test and hack your own network by using the tools and techniques employed by more malicious hackers. To reduce this Linux distribution to a smaller size, the GNOME user interface has been removed, meaning that this is a command-line only distribution.
It may not be as heavily armed as Kali Linux when it comes to the number of tools, which is just around 100 at most compared to 600+ of Kali, even then it acts in its favor; helping minimize distraction while providing only the most used and important tools for Ethical hacking and testing.
Along with these tools which make it one of the best OS for hacking; it also includes general apps which you can run to do what most normal people do, such as LibreOffice, Gnome media player and some browsers.
Below is a list of the best OS for hacking: Kali Linux Parrot OS BackBox Fedora Security Lab CAINE Samurai Web Testing Framework DemonLinux ArchStrike "}}]}],"@id":" -os-hacking.html#schema-25946","isPartOf":"@id":" -os-hacking.html#webpage","publisher":"@id":" ","image":"@id":" _0621_13BESTOpera1.png","inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":"@id":" -os-hacking.html#webpage"}]}document.documentElement.classList.remove( 'no-js' );img.wp-smiley,img.emoji display: inline !important;border: none !important;box-shadow: none !important;height: 1em !important;width: 1em !important;margin: 0 0.07em !important;vertical-align: -0.1em !important;background: none !important;padding: 0 !important;body--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-1: #3182CE;--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-2: #2B6CB0;--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-3: #1A202C;--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-4: #2D3748;--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-5: #4A5568;--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-6: #718096;--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-7: #EDF2F7;--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-8: #F7FAFC;--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-9: #FFFFFF;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--duotone--dark-grayscale: url('#wp-duotone-dark-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--grayscale: url('#wp-duotone-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-yellow: url('#wp-duotone-purple-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-red: url('#wp-duotone-blue-red');--wp--preset--duotone--midnight: url('#wp-duotone-midnight');--wp--preset--duotone--magenta-yellow: url('#wp-duotone-magenta-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-green: url('#wp-duotone-purple-green');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-orange: url('#wp-duotone-blue-orange');--wp--preset--font-size--small: 14px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 24px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 32px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--larger: 40px;.has-black-colorcolor: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;.has-cyan-bluish-gray-colorcolor: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;.has-white-colorcolor: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;.has-pale-pink-colorcolor: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;.has-vivid-red-colorcolor: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;.has-luminous-vivid-orange-colorcolor: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;.has-luminous-vivid-amber-colorcolor: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;.has-light-green-cyan-colorcolor: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;.has-vivid-green-cyan-colorcolor: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;.has-pale-cyan-blue-colorcolor: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;.has-vivid-cyan-blue-colorcolor: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;.has-vivid-purple-colorcolor: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;.has-black-background-colorbackground-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-colorbackground-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;.has-white-background-colorbackground-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;.has-pale-pink-background-colorbackground-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;.has-vivid-red-background-colorbackground-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-colorbackground-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-colorbackground-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;.has-light-green-cyan-background-colorbackground-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-colorbackground-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-colorbackground-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-colorbackground-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;.has-vivid-purple-background-colorbackground-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;.has-black-border-colorborder-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-colorborder-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;.has-white-border-colorborder-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;.has-pale-pink-border-colorborder-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;.has-vivid-red-border-colorborder-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-colorborder-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-colorborder-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;.has-light-green-cyan-border-colorborder-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-colorborder-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-colorborder-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-colorborder-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;.has-vivid-purple-border-colorborder-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-backgroundbackground: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-backgroundbackground: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-backgroundbackground: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-backgroundbackground: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-backgroundbackground: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-backgroundbackground: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-backgroundbackground: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-backgroundbackground: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-backgroundbackground: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;.has-pale-ocean-gradient-backgroundbackground: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;.has-electric-grass-gradient-backgroundbackground: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;.has-midnight-gradient-backgroundbackground: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;.has-small-font-sizefont-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;.has-medium-font-sizefont-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;.has-large-font-sizefont-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;.has-x-large-font-sizefont-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;.wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button))color: inherit;:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex)gap: 2em;.wp-block-pullquotefont-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;/* Kadence Base CSS */:root--global-palette1:#3182CE;--global-palette2:#2B6CB0;--global-palette3:#1A202C;--global-palette4:#2D3748;--global-palette5:#4A5568;--global-palette6:#718096;--global-palette7:#EDF2F7;--global-palette8:#F7FAFC;--global-palette9:#FFFFFF;--global-palette9rgb:255, 255, 255;--global-palette-highlight:#0556f3;--global-palette-highlight-alt:#0556f3;--global-palette-highlight-alt2:var(--global-palette9);--global-palette-btn-bg:var(--global-palette1);--global-palette-btn-bg-hover:var(--global-palette1);--global-palette-btn:var(--global-palette9);--global-palette-btn-hover:var(--global-palette9);--global-body-font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";--global-heading-font-family:'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;--global-primary-nav-font-family:inherit;--global-fallback-font:sans-serif;--global-display-fallback-font:sans-serif;--global-content-width:1290px;--global-content-narrow-width:842px;--global-content-edge-padding:1.5rem;--global-calc-content-width:calc(1290px - var(--global-content-edge-padding) - var(--global-content-edge-padding) );.wp-site-blocks--global-vw:calc( 100vw - ( 0.5 * var(--scrollbar-offset)));:root .has-theme-palette-1-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette1);:root .has-theme-palette-1-colorcolor:var(--global-palette1);:root .has-theme-palette-2-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette2);:root .has-theme-palette-2-colorcolor:var(--global-palette2);:root .has-theme-palette-3-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette3);:root .has-theme-palette-3-colorcolor:var(--global-palette3);:root .has-theme-palette-4-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette4);:root .has-theme-palette-4-colorcolor:var(--global-palette4);:root .has-theme-palette-5-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette5);:root .has-theme-palette-5-colorcolor:var(--global-palette5);:root .has-theme-palette-6-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette6);:root .has-theme-palette-6-colorcolor:var(--global-palette6);:root .has-theme-palette-7-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette7);:root .has-theme-palette-7-colorcolor:var(--global-palette7);:root .has-theme-palette-8-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette8);:root .has-theme-palette-8-colorcolor:var(--global-palette8);:root .has-theme-palette-9-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette9);:root .has-theme-palette-9-colorcolor:var(--global-palette9);:root .has-theme-palette1-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette1);:root .has-theme-palette1-colorcolor:var(--global-palette1);:root .has-theme-palette2-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette2);:root .has-theme-palette2-colorcolor:var(--global-palette2);:root .has-theme-palette3-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette3);:root .has-theme-palette3-colorcolor:var(--global-palette3);:root .has-theme-palette4-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette4);:root .has-theme-palette4-colorcolor:var(--global-palette4);:root .has-theme-palette5-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette5);:root .has-theme-palette5-colorcolor:var(--global-palette5);:root .has-theme-palette6-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette6);:root .has-theme-palette6-colorcolor:var(--global-palette6);:root .has-theme-palette7-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette7);:root .has-theme-palette7-colorcolor:var(--global-palette7);:root .has-theme-palette8-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette8);:root .has-theme-palette8-colorcolor:var(--global-palette8);:root .has-theme-palette9-background-colorbackground-color:var(--global-palette9);:root .has-theme-palette9-colorcolor:var(--global-palette9);bodybackground:var(--global-palette9);body, input, select, optgroup, textareafont-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-size:18px;line-height:27px;font-family:var(--global-body-font-family);color:#222222;.content-bg, body.content-style-unboxed .sitebackground:var(--global-palette9);h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6font-family:var(--global-heading-font-family);h1font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:31px;line-height:34px;font-family:'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;color:#222222;h2font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:26px;line-height:40px;font-family:'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;color:#222222;h3font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:22px;line-height:25px;font-family:'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;color:#222222;h4font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:20px;line-height:21px;font-family:'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;color:#222222;h5font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:19px;line-height:20px;font-family:'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;color:#222222;h6font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5;font-family:'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;color:#222222;.entry-hero h1font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:31px;line-height:34px;font-family:'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;color:#222222;.entry-hero .kadence-breadcrumbs, .entry-hero .search-formfont-style:normal;.entry-hero .kadence-breadcrumbsmax-width:1290px;.site-container, .site-header-row-layout-contained, .site-footer-row-layout-contained, .entry-hero-layout-contained, .comments-area, .alignfull > .wp-block-cover__inner-container, .alignwide > .wp-block-cover__inner-containermax-width:var(--global-content-width);.content-width-narrow .content-container.site-container, .content-width-narrow .hero-container.site-containermax-width:var(--global-content-narrow-width);@media all and (min-width: 1520px).wp-site-blocks .content-container .alignwidemargin-left:-115px;margin-right:-115px;width:unset;max-width:unset;@media all and (min-width: 1102px).content-width-narrow .wp-site-blocks .content-container .alignwidemargin-left:-130px;margin-right:-130px;width:unset;max-width:unset;.content-style-boxed .wp-site-blocks .entry-content .alignwidemargin-left:-2rem;margin-right:-2rem;@media all and (max-width: 1024px).content-style-boxed .wp-site-blocks .entry-content .alignwidemargin-left:-2rem;margin-right:-2rem;@media all and (max-width: 767px).content-style-boxed .wp-site-blocks .entry-content .alignwidemargin-left:-1.5rem;margin-right:-1.5rem;.content-areamargin-top:5rem;margin-bottom:5rem;@media all and (max-width: 1024px).content-areamargin-top:3rem;margin-bottom:3rem;@media all and (max-width: 767px).content-areamargin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:2rem;.entry-content-wrappadding:2rem;@media all and (max-width: 1024px).entry-content-wrappadding:2rem;@media all and (max-width: 767px).entry-content-wrappadding:1.5rem;.entry.single-entrybox-shadow:0px 15px 15px -10px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);.entry.loop-entrybox-shadow:0px 15px 15px -10px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);.loop-entry .entry-content-wrappadding:2rem;@media all and (max-width: 1024px).loop-entry .entry-content-wrappadding:2rem;@media all and (max-width: 767px).loop-entry .entry-content-wrappadding:1.5rem;.primary-sidebar.widget-area .widgetmargin-bottom:1.5em;color:var(--global-palette4);.primary-sidebar.widget-area .widget-titlefont-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:20px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--global-palette3);.primary-sidebar.widget-area .sidebar-inner-wrap a:where(:not(.button):not(.wp-block-button__link):not(.wp-element-button)):hovercolor:#ec4747;.primary-sidebar.widget-areabackground:var(--global-palette9);.has-sidebar.has-left-sidebar .primary-sidebar.widget-areaborder-right:1px solid #e1e1e1;.has-sidebar:not(.has-left-sidebar) .primary-sidebar.widget-areaborder-left:1px solid #e1e1e1;button, .button, .wp-block-button__link, input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"], .fl-button, .elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-buttonbox-shadow:0px 0px 0px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0);button:hover, button:focus, button:active, .button:hover, .button:focus, .button:active, .wp-block-button__link:hover, .wp-block-button__link:focus, .wp-block-button__link:active, input[type="button"]:hover, input[type="button"]:focus, input[type="button"]:active, input[type="reset"]:hover, input[type="reset"]:focus, input[type="reset"]:active, input[type="submit"]:hover, input[type="submit"]:focus, input[type="submit"]:active, .elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button:hover, .elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button:focus, .elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button:activebox-shadow:0px 15px 25px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);@media all and (min-width: 1025px).transparent-header .entry-hero .entry-hero-container-innerpadding-top:49px;@media all and (max-width: 1024px).mobile-transparent-header .entry-hero .entry-hero-container-innerpadding-top:49px;@media all and (max-width: 767px).mobile-transparent-header .entry-hero .entry-hero-container-innerpadding-top:49px;.wp-site-blocks .entry-hero-container-innerbackground:var(--global-palette9);#colophonbackground:#323a56;.site-middle-footer-wrap .site-footer-row-container-innerbackground:#323a56;font-style:normal;.site-footer .site-middle-footer-wrap a:where(:not(.button):not(.wp-block-button__link):not(.wp-element-button))color:var(--global-palette1);.site-footer .site-middle-footer-wrap a:where(:not(.button):not(.wp-block-button__link):not(.wp-element-button)):hovercolor:var(--global-palette1);.site-middle-footer-inner-wrappadding-top:0px;padding-bottom:30px;grid-column-gap:0px;grid-row-gap:0px;.site-middle-footer-inner-wrap .widgetmargin-bottom:30px;.site-middle-footer-inner-wrap .widget-area .widget-titlefont-style:normal;font-weight:400;.site-middle-footer-inner-wrap .site-footer-section:not(:last-child):afterright:calc(-0px / 2);.site-top-footer-wrap .site-footer-row-container-innerbackground:#323a56;font-style:normal;color:var(--global-palette4);border-bottom:0px none transparent;.site-footer .site-top-footer-wrap a:not(.button):not(.wp-block-button__link):not(.wp-element-button)color:var(--global-palette1);.site-top-footer-inner-wrappadding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-column-gap:0px;grid-row-gap:0px;.site-top-footer-inner-wrap .widgetmargin-bottom:30px;.site-top-footer-inner-wrap .site-footer-section:not(:last-child):afterborder-right:0px none transparent;right:calc(-0px / 2);@media all and (max-width: 767px).site-top-footer-wrap .site-footer-row-container-innerborder-bottom:1px none #323a56;.site-top-footer-inner-wrap .site-footer-section:not(:last-child):afterborder-right:0px none transparent;.site-bottom-footer-wrap .site-footer-row-container-innerbackground:var(--global-palette9);.site-bottom-footer-inner-wrappadding-top:30px;padding-bottom:30px;grid-column-gap:30px;.site-bottom-footer-inner-wrap .widgetmargin-bottom:30px;.site-bottom-footer-inner-wrap .site-footer-section:not(:last-child):afterright:calc(-30px / 2);.footer-social-wrapmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;.footer-social-wrap .footer-social-inner-wrapfont-size:1.28em;gap:0.3em;.site-footer .site-footer-wrap .site-footer-section .footer-social-wrap .footer-social-inner-wrap .social-buttoncolor:var(--global-palette9);border:2px none transparent;border-color:var(--global-palette9);border-radius:3px;.site-footer .site-footer-wrap .site-footer-section .footer-social-wrap .footer-social-inner-wrap .social-button:hovercolor:var(--global-palette9);border-color:var(--global-palette9);#colophon .footer-htmlfont-style:normal;color:var(--global-palette9);#colophon .site-footer-row-container .site-footer-row .footer-html acolor:var(--global-palette9);#kt-scroll-up-reader, #kt-scroll-upborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:var(--global-palette3);border-color:var(--global-palette4);bottom:30px;font-size:1.2em;padding:0.4em 0.4em 0.4em 0.4em;#kt-scroll-up-reader.scroll-up-side-right, #kt-scroll-up.scroll-up-side-rightright:30px;#kt-scroll-up-reader.scroll-up-side-left, #kt-scroll-up.scroll-up-side-leftleft:30px;#kt-scroll-up-reader:hover, #kt-scroll-up:hovercolor:var(--global-palette2);border-color:var(--global-palette2);#colophon .footer-navigation .footer-menu-container > ul > li > apadding-left:calc(1.2em / 2);padding-right:calc(1.2em / 2);color:var(--global-palette5);#colophon .footer-navigation .footer-menu-container > ul li a:hovercolor:var(--global-palette-highlight);#colophon .footer-navigation .footer-menu-container > ul li.current-menu-item > acolor:var(--global-palette3);body.pagebackground:var(--global-palette9);.entry-hero.page-hero-section .entry-headermin-height:200px;.comment-metadata a:not(.comment-edit-link), .comment-body .edit-link:beforedisplay:none;.entry-hero.post-hero-section .entry-headermin-height:200px;/* Kadence Header CSS */@media all and (max-width: 1024px).mobile-transparent-header #mastheadposition:absolute;left:0px;right:0px;z-index:100;.kadence-scrollbar-fixer.mobile-transparent-header #mastheadright:var(--scrollbar-offset,0);.mobile-transparent-header #masthead, .mobile-transparent-header .site-top-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-inner, .mobile-transparent-header .site-main-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-inner, .mobile-transparent-header .site-bottom-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-innerbackground:transparent;.site-header-row-tablet-layout-fullwidth, .site-header-row-tablet-layout-standardpadding:0px;@media all and (min-width: 1025px).transparent-header #mastheadposition:absolute;left:0px;right:0px;z-index:100;.transparent-header.kadence-scrollbar-fixer #mastheadright:var(--scrollbar-offset,0);.transparent-header #masthead, .transparent-header .site-top-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-inner, .transparent-header .site-main-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-inner, .transparent-header .site-bottom-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-innerbackground:transparent;.site-branding a.brand imgmax-width:135px;.site-branding a.brand img.svg-logo-imagewidth:135px;.site-brandingpadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;#masthead, #masthead .kadence-sticky-header.item-is-fixed:not(.item-at-start):not(.site-header-row-container), #masthead .kadence-sticky-header.item-is-fixed:not(.item-at-start) > .site-header-row-container-innerbackground:#ffffff;.site-main-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-innerborder-bottom:1px solid #cccccc;.site-main-header-inner-wrapmin-height:49px;.site-top-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-innerbackground:var(--global-palette1);.site-top-header-inner-wrapmin-height:0px;.site-bottom-header-inner-wrapmin-height:0px;#masthead .kadence-sticky-header.item-is-fixed:not(.item-at-start):not(.site-header-row-container):not(.item-hidden-above), #masthead .kadence-sticky-header.item-is-fixed:not(.item-at-start):not(.item-hidden-above) > .site-header-row-container-innerbackground:var(--global-palette9);#masthead .kadence-sticky-header.item-is-fixed:not(.item-at-start) .site-branding .site-title, #masthead .kadence-sticky-header.item-is-fixed:not(.item-at-start) .site-branding .site-descriptioncolor:var(--global-palette3);.header-navigation[class*="header-navigation-style-underline"] .header-menu-container.primary-menu-container>ul>li>a:afterwidth:calc( 100% - 2em);.main-navigation .primary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > apadding-left:calc(2em / 2);padding-right:calc(2em / 2);padding-top:0em;padding-bottom:0em;color:#4a5568;.main-navigation .primary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > .dropdown-nav-special-toggleright:calc(2em / 2);.main-navigation .primary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > a:hovercolor:#000000;.main-navigation .primary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item.current-menu-item > acolor:#1a202c;.header-navigation[class*="header-navigation-style-underline"] .header-menu-container.secondary-menu-container>ul>li>a:afterwidth:calc( 100% - 1.2em);.secondary-navigation .secondary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > apadding-left:calc(1.2em / 2);padding-right:calc(1.2em / 2);padding-top:0.6em;padding-bottom:0.6em;color:var(--global-palette9);background:var(--global-palette9);.secondary-navigation .primary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > .dropdown-nav-special-toggleright:calc(1.2em / 2);.secondary-navigation .secondary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > a:hovercolor:#323a56;background:#323a56;.secondary-navigation .secondary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item.current-menu-item > acolor:#323a56;background:#323a56;.header-navigation .header-menu-container ul ul.sub-menu, .header-navigation .header-menu-container ul ul.submenubackground:#1a202c;box-shadow:0px 2px 13px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);.header-navigation .header-menu-container ul ul li.menu-item, .header-menu-container ul.menu > li.kadence-menu-mega-enabled > ul > li.menu-item > aborder-bottom:1px none rgba(255,255,255,0.1);.header-navigation .header-menu-container ul ul li.menu-item > awidth:100px;padding-top:4px;padding-bottom:4px;color:var(--global-palette8);font-style:normal;font-size:15px;.header-navigation .header-menu-container ul ul li.menu-item > a:hovercolor:var(--global-palette9);background:#323a56;.header-navigation .header-menu-container ul ul li.menu-item.current-menu-item > acolor:var(--global-palette9);background:#2d3748;.mobile-toggle-open-container .menu-toggle-opencolor:var(--global-palette3);padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em;font-size:14px;.mobile-toggle-open-container .menu-toggle-open.menu-toggle-style-borderedborder:1px solid currentColor;.mobile-toggle-open-container .menu-toggle-open .menu-toggle-iconfont-size:29px;.mobile-toggle-open-container .menu-toggle-open:hover, .mobile-toggle-open-container .menu-toggle-open:focuscolor:#087deb;.mobile-navigation ul lifont-size:14px;.mobile-navigation ul li apadding-top:1em;padding-bottom:1em;.mobile-navigation ul li > a, .mobile-navigation ul li.menu-item-has-children > .drawer-nav-drop-wrapcolor:#f7fafc;.mobile-navigation ul li > a:hover, .mobile-navigation ul li.menu-item-has-children > .drawer-nav-drop-wrap:hovercolor:var(--global-palette9);.mobile-navigation ul li.current-menu-item > a, .mobile-navigation ul li.current-menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .drawer-nav-drop-wrapcolor:var(--global-palette9);.mobile-navigation ul li.menu-item-has-children .drawer-nav-drop-wrap, .mobile-navigation ul li:not(.menu-item-has-children) aborder-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);.mobile-navigation:not(.drawer-navigation-parent-toggle-true) ul li.menu-item-has-children .drawer-nav-drop-wrap buttonborder-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);#mobile-drawer .drawer-inner, #mobile-drawer.popup-drawer-layout-fullwidth.popup-drawer-animation-slice .pop-portion-bg, #mobile-drawer.popup-drawer-layout-fullwidth.popup-drawer-animation-slice.pop-animated.show-drawer .drawer-innerbackground:#323a56;#mobile-drawer .drawer-header .drawer-togglepadding:0.6em 0.15em 0.6em 0.15em;font-size:24px;#mobile-drawer .drawer-header .drawer-toggle, #mobile-drawer .drawer-header .drawer-toggle:focuscolor:var(--global-palette9);#mobile-drawer .drawer-header .drawer-toggle:hover, #mobile-drawer .drawer-header .drawer-toggle:focus:hovercolor:#0887fc;#main-header .header-buttoncolor:var(--global-palette9);background:var(--global-palette9);border:2px none transparent;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0);#main-header .header-button:hovercolor:#323a56;background:#323a56;box-shadow:0px 15px 25px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);.header-social-wrap .header-social-inner-wrapfont-size:1em;gap:0.3em;.header-social-wrap .header-social-inner-wrap .social-buttonborder:2px none transparent;border-radius:3px;.header-mobile-social-wrap .header-mobile-social-inner-wrapfont-size:1em;gap:0.3em;.header-mobile-social-wrap .header-mobile-social-inner-wrap .social-buttonborder:2px none transparent;border-radius:3px;.search-toggle-open-container .search-toggle-opencolor:var(--global-palette5);.search-toggle-open-container .search-toggle-open.search-toggle-style-borderedborder:1px solid currentColor;.search-toggle-open-container .search-toggle-open .search-toggle-iconfont-size:1em;.search-toggle-open-container .search-toggle-open:hover, .search-toggle-open-container .search-toggle-open:focuscolor:var(--global-palette-highlight);#search-drawer .drawer-innerbackground:rgba(9, 12, 16, 0.97);.mobile-header-button-wrap .mobile-header-button-inner-wrap .mobile-header-buttonborder:2px none transparent;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0);.mobile-header-button-wrap .mobile-header-button-inner-wrap .mobile-header-button:hoverbox-shadow:0px 15px 25px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);/* Kadence Pro Header CSS */.header-navigation-dropdown-direction-left ul ul.submenu, .header-navigation-dropdown-direction-left ul ul.sub-menuright:0px;left:auto;.rtl .header-navigation-dropdown-direction-right ul ul.submenu, .rtl .header-navigation-dropdown-direction-right ul ul.sub-menuleft:0px;right:auto;.header-account-button .nav-drop-title-wrap > .kadence-svg-iconset, .header-account-button > .kadence-svg-iconsetfont-size:1.2em;.site-header-item .header-account-button .nav-drop-title-wrap, .site-header-item .header-account-wrap > .header-account-buttondisplay:flex;align-items:center;.header-account-style-icon_label .header-account-labelpadding-left:5px;.header-account-style-label_icon .header-account-labelpadding-right:5px;.site-header-item .header-account-wrap .header-account-buttontext-decoration:none;box-shadow:none;color:inherit;background:transparent;padding:0.6em 0em 0.6em 0em;.header-mobile-account-wrap .header-account-button .nav-drop-title-wrap > .kadence-svg-iconset, .header-mobile-account-wrap .header-account-button > .kadence-svg-iconsetfont-size:1.2em;.header-mobile-account-wrap .header-account-button .nav-drop-title-wrap, .header-mobile-account-wrap > .header-account-buttondisplay:flex;align-items:center;.header-mobile-account-wrap.header-account-style-icon_label .header-account-labelpadding-left:5px;.header-mobile-account-wrap.header-account-style-label_icon .header-account-labelpadding-right:5px;.header-mobile-account-wrap .header-account-buttontext-decoration:none;box-shadow:none;color:inherit;background:transparent;padding:0.6em 0em 0.6em 0em;#login-drawer .drawer-inner .drawer-contentdisplay:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;position:absolute;top:0px;bottom:0px;left:0px;right:0px;padding:0px;#loginform p labeldisplay:block;#login-drawer #loginformwidth:100%;#login-drawer #loginform inputwidth:100%;#login-drawer #loginform input[type="checkbox"]width:auto;#login-drawer .drawer-inner .drawer-headerposition:relative;z-index:100;#login-drawer .drawer-content_inner.widget_login_form_innerpadding:2em;width:100%;max-width:350px;border-radius:.25rem;background:var(--global-palette9);color:var(--global-palette4);#login-drawer .lost_password acolor:var(--global-palette6);#login-drawer .lost_password, #login-drawer .register-fieldtext-align:center;#login-drawer .widget_login_form_inner pmargin-top:1.2em;margin-bottom:0em;#login-drawer .widget_login_form_inner p:first-childmargin-top:0em;#login-drawer .widget_login_form_inner labelmargin-bottom:0.5em;#login-drawer hr.register-dividermargin:1.2em 0;border-width:1px;#login-drawer .register-fieldfont-size:90%;.tertiary-navigation .tertiary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > apadding-left:calc(1.2em / 2);padding-right:calc(1.2em / 2);padding-top:0.6em;padding-bottom:0.6em;color:var(--global-palette5);.tertiary-navigation .tertiary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > a:hovercolor:var(--global-palette-highlight);.tertiary-navigation .tertiary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item.current-menu-item > acolor:var(--global-palette3);.quaternary-navigation .quaternary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > apadding-left:calc(1.2em / 2);padding-right:calc(1.2em / 2);padding-top:0.6em;padding-bottom:0.6em;color:var(--global-palette5);.quaternary-navigation .quaternary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > a:hovercolor:var(--global-palette-highlight);.quaternary-navigation .quaternary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item.current-menu-item > acolor:var(--global-palette3);#main-header .header-dividerborder-right:1px solid var(--global-palette6);height:50%;#main-header .header-divider2border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette6);height:50%;#main-header .header-divider3border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette6);height:50%;#mobile-header .header-mobile-dividerborder-right:1px solid var(--global-palette6);height:50%;#mobile-header .header-mobile-divider2border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette6);height:50%;.header-item-search-bar form ::-webkit-input-placeholdercolor:currentColor;opacity:0.5;.header-item-search-bar form ::placeholdercolor:currentColor;opacity:0.5;.header-search-bar formmax-width:100%;width:240px;.header-mobile-search-bar formmax-width:calc(100vw - var(--global-sm-spacing) - var(--global-sm-spacing));width:240px;.header-widget-lstyle-normal .header-widget-area-inner a:not(.button)text-decoration:underline;.element-contact-inner-wrapdisplay:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;margin-top:-0.6em;margin-left:calc(-0.6em / 2);margin-right:calc(-0.6em / 2);.element-contact-inner-wrap .header-contact-itemdisplay:inline-flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;margin-top:0.6em;margin-left:calc(0.6em / 2);margin-right:calc(0.6em / 2);.element-contact-inner-wrap .header-contact-item .kadence-svg-iconsetfont-size:1em;.header-contact-item imgdisplay:inline-block;.header-contact-item .contact-labelmargin-left:0.3em;.rtl .header-contact-item .contact-labelmargin-right:0.3em;margin-left:0px;.header-mobile-contact-wrap .element-contact-inner-wrapdisplay:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;margin-top:-0.6em;margin-left:calc(-0.6em / 2);margin-right:calc(-0.6em / 2);.header-mobile-contact-wrap .element-contact-inner-wrap .header-contact-itemdisplay:inline-flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;margin-top:0.6em;margin-left:calc(0.6em / 2);margin-right:calc(0.6em / 2);.header-mobile-contact-wrap .element-contact-inner-wrap .header-contact-item .kadence-svg-iconsetfont-size:1em;#main-header .header-button2border:2px none transparent;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0);#main-header .header-button2:hoverbox-shadow:0px 15px 25px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);.mobile-header-button2-wrap .mobile-header-button-inner-wrap .mobile-header-button2border:2px none transparent;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0);.mobile-header-button2-wrap .mobile-header-button-inner-wrap .mobile-header-button2:hoverbox-shadow:0px 15px 25px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);#widget-drawer.popup-drawer-layout-fullwidth .drawer-content .header-widget2, #widget-drawer.popup-drawer-layout-sidepanel .drawer-innermax-width:400px;#widget-drawer.popup-drawer-layout-fullwidth .drawer-content .header-widget2margin:0 auto;.widget-toggle-opendisplay:flex;align-items:center;background:transparent;box-shadow:none;.widget-toggle-open:hover, .widget-toggle-open:focusborder-color:currentColor;background:transparent;box-shadow:none;.widget-toggle-open .widget-toggle-icondisplay:flex;.widget-toggle-open .widget-toggle-labelpadding-right:5px;.rtl .widget-toggle-open .widget-toggle-labelpadding-left:5px;padding-right:0px;.widget-toggle-open .widget-toggle-label:empty, .rtl .widget-toggle-open .widget-toggle-label:emptypadding-right:0px;padding-left:0px;.widget-toggle-open-container .widget-toggle-opencolor:var(--global-palette5);padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em;font-size:14px;.widget-toggle-open-container .widget-toggle-open.widget-toggle-style-borderedborder:1px solid currentColor;.widget-toggle-open-container .widget-toggle-open .widget-toggle-iconfont-size:20px;.widget-toggle-open-container .widget-toggle-open:hover, .widget-toggle-open-container .widget-toggle-open:focuscolor:var(--global-palette-highlight);#widget-drawer .header-widget-2style-normal a:not(.button)text-decoration:underline;#widget-drawer .header-widget-2style-plain a:not(.button)text-decoration:none;#widget-drawer .header-widget2 .widget-titlecolor:var(--global-palette9);#widget-drawer .header-widget2color:var(--global-palette8);#widget-drawer .header-widget2 a:not(.button), #widget-drawer .header-widget2 .drawer-sub-togglecolor:var(--global-palette8);#widget-drawer .header-widget2 a:not(.button):hover, #widget-drawer .header-widget2 .drawer-sub-toggle:hovercolor:var(--global-palette9);#mobile-secondary-site-navigation ul lifont-size:14px;#mobile-secondary-site-navigation ul li apadding-top:1em;padding-bottom:1em;#mobile-secondary-site-navigation ul li > a, #mobile-secondary-site-navigation ul li.menu-item-has-children > .drawer-nav-drop-wrapcolor:var(--global-palette8);#mobile-secondary-site-navigation ul li.current-menu-item > a, #mobile-secondary-site-navigation ul li.current-menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .drawer-nav-drop-wrapcolor:var(--global-palette-highlight);#mobile-secondary-site-navigation ul li.menu-item-has-children .drawer-nav-drop-wrap, #mobile-secondary-site-navigation ul li:not(.menu-item-has-children) aborder-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);#mobile-secondary-site-navigation:not(.drawer-navigation-parent-toggle-true) ul li.menu-item-has-children .drawer-nav-drop-wrap buttonborder-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);:root--lasso-main: #5e36ca !important;--lasso-title: black !important;--lasso-button: #22baa0 !important;--lasso-secondary-button: #22baa0 !important;--lasso-button-text: white !important;--lasso-background: white !important;--lasso-pros: #22baa0 !important;--lasso-cons: #e06470 !important;// Notice how this gets configured before we load Font Awesomewindow.FontAwesomeConfig = autoReplaceSvg: false var googletag=window.googletagcmd:[];var gptadslots=[];var googletag=googletagcmd:[]; //load the apstag.js library!function(a9,a,p,s,t,A,g)if(a[a9])return;function q(c,r)a[a9]._Q.push([c,r])a[a9]=init:function()q("i",arguments),fetchBids:function()q("f",arguments),setDisplayBids:function(),targetingKeys:function()return[],_Q:[];A=p.createElement(s);A.async=!0;A.src=t;g=p.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];g.parentNode.insertBefore(A,g)("apstag",window,document,"script","//c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js");//initialize the apstag.js library on the page to allow biddingapstag.init( pubID: '0b8b4efb-a0ed-455f-9ba8-517e0c56bb55', //enter your pub ID here as shown above, it must within quotes adServer: 'googletag', simplerGPT: true); googletag.cmd.push(function() var mapping1 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([1700, 400], ['fluid',[970, 90], [970, 250],[728, 90],[468, 60],[300, 250],[336, 280],[250, 250]]) .addSize([1024, 0], [[728, 90],[468, 60],[250, 250],[336, 280],[300, 250],[234, 60]]) .addSize([500, 0], [[468, 60],[250, 250],[300, 250],[336, 280],[320, 480],[200, 200]]) .addSize([0, 0], [[320, 50], [300, 250],[300, 50],[320, 100],[250, 250],[200,200]]) .build(); var mapping2 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([1024, 0], ['fluid',[336, 280],[300, 250], [250, 250]]) .addSize([500, 0], [[300, 250], [336, 280], [250, 250]]) .addSize([0, 0], []) .build(); var mapping3 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([1024, 0], [[300, 600], [120, 600], [160, 600],[300, 250],[336, 280],[250, 250],[300, 340],[320, 480]]) .addSize([766, 0], [[160, 600], [120, 600],[250, 250]]) .addSize([0, 0], []) .build(); var mapping4 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([1024, 0], []) .addSize([0, 0], [[320, 50],[300, 50],[360, 50],[400, 50]]) .build(); var mapping5 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([1700, 400], ['fluid',[970, 90], [970, 250],[728, 90],[468, 60]]) .addSize([1024, 0], [[728, 90],[468, 60],[234, 60]]) .addSize([500, 0], [[468, 60],[234, 60]]) .addSize([0, 0], [[300, 250],[336, 280],[250, 250]]) .build(); var mapping6 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([1024, 0], ['fluid',[336, 280],[300, 250], [250, 250]]) .addSize([766, 0], [[300, 250], [336, 280], [250, 250]]) .addSize([0, 0], []) .build(); var mapping7 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([1024, 0], []) .addSize([500, 0], []) .addSize([0, 0], [[320, 50],[300, 50],[320, 100],[200, 200],[234, 60]]) .build(); gptadslots['div-gpt-ad-9092914-1'] = googletag.defineSlot('/24132379/guru99.com_728x90', 'fluid', 'div-gpt-ad-9092914-1') .setTargeting('type', ['sponsored']) .setTargeting('Position', ['top']) .setTargeting('refreshtime', ['30']) .defineSizeMapping(mapping5) .addService(googletag.pubads()); gptadslots['div-gpt-ad-9092914-2'] = googletag.defineSlot('/24132379/guru99.com_728x90', 'fluid', 'div-gpt-ad-9092914-2') .setTargeting('type', ['sponsored']) .setTargeting('Position', ['middle']) .setTargeting('refreshtime', ['30']) .defineSizeMapping(mapping1) .addService(googletag.pubads()); gptadslots['div-gpt-ad-9092914-6'] = googletag.defineSlot('/24132379/guru99.com_728x90', 'fluid', 'div-gpt-ad-9092914-6') .setTargeting('type', ['sponsored']) .setTargeting('Position', ['bottom']) .setTargeting('refreshtime', ['30']) .defineSizeMapping(mapping1) .addService(googletag.pubads()); gptadslots['div-gpt-ad-1543194583199-0'] = googletag.defineSlot('/24132379/guru99.com_300x600_sticky', [[300, 600], [120, 600], [160, 600], [300, 250], [336, 280], [250, 250], [300, 340], [320, 480]], 'div-gpt-ad-1543194583199-0') // .setTargeting(REFRESH_KEY, REFRESH_VALUE) .setTargeting('refreshtime', ['30']) .defineSizeMapping(mapping3) .addService(googletag.pubads()); gptadslots['div-gpt-ad-1565016699961-0'] = googletag.defineSlot('/24132379/guru99.com_300x250_2', 'fluid', 'div-gpt-ad-1565016699961-0') .setTargeting('type', ['sponsored']) .setTargeting('Position', ['300x250']) // .setTargeting(REFRESH_KEY, REFRESH_VALUE) .setTargeting('refreshtime', ['30']) .defineSizeMapping(mapping2) .addService(googletag.pubads()); gptadslots['div-gpt-ad-1565016699961-1'] = googletag.defineSlot('/24132379/guru99.com_300x250_2', 'fluid', 'div-gpt-ad-1565016699961-1') .setTargeting('type', ['sponsored']) .setTargeting('Position', ['notrefreshmobiletop']) // .setTargeting(REFRESH_KEY, REFRESH_VALUE) .setTargeting('refreshtime', ['30']) .defineSizeMapping(mapping7) .addService(googletag.pubads()); gptadslots['div-gpt-ad-1571916596507-0'] = googletag.defineSlot('/24132379/guru99.com_300x250_1', [[336, 280], [300, 250], [250, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1571916596507-0') .setTargeting('type', ['sponsored']) .setTargeting('Position', ['300x250']) // .setTargeting(REFRESH_KEY, REFRESH_VALUE) .setTargeting('refreshtime', ['30']) .defineSizeMapping(mapping6) .addService(googletag.pubads()); gptadslots['div-gpt-ad-1571916546153-0'] = googletag.defineSlot('/24132379/guru99.com_300x250-2', [[300, 250], [336, 280], [250, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1571916546153-0') .setTargeting('type', ['sponsored']) .setTargeting('Position', ['300x250']) // .setTargeting(REFRESH_KEY, REFRESH_VALUE) .setTargeting('refreshtime', ['30']) .defineSizeMapping(mapping6) .addService(googletag.pubads()); gptadslots['div-gpt-ad-9092914-7'] = googletag.defineSlot('/24132379/guru99.com_728x90_near_footer', 'fluid', 'div-gpt-ad-9092914-7') .setTargeting('type', ['sponsored']) .setTargeting('Position', ['footer']).setTargeting('refreshtime', ['30']) .defineSizeMapping(mapping1) .addService(googletag.pubads()); gptadslots['div-gpt-ad-9092914-8'] = googletag.defineSlot('/24132379/guru99.com_728x90_Interview', 'fluid', 'div-gpt-ad-9092914-8') .setTargeting('type', ['sponsored']) .setTargeting('Position', ['interview1']).setTargeting('refreshtime', ['30']) .defineSizeMapping(mapping1) .addService(googletag.pubads()); gptadslots['div-gpt-ad-9092914-9'] = googletag.defineSlot('/24132379/guru99.com_728x90_Interview', 'fluid', 'div-gpt-ad-9092914-9') .setTargeting('type', ['sponsored']) .setTargeting('Position', ['interview2']).setTargeting('refreshtime', ['30']) .defineSizeMapping(mapping1) .addService(googletag.pubads()); gptadslots['div-gpt-ad-1558594248952-0'] = googletag.defineSlot('/24132379/Guru99.com_Adhesion_320x50', [[320, 50], [300, 50], [360, 50], [400, 50]], 'div-gpt-ad-1558594248952-0') // .setTargeting(REFRESH_KEY, REFRESH_VALUE) .setTargeting('refreshtime', ['30']) .defineSizeMapping(mapping4) .addService(googletag.pubads()); apstag.fetchBids( //fetch bids timeout: 2e3 , function(bids) apstag.setDisplayBids(); // set apstag targeting on googletag ); googletag.enableServices(););body --global-body-font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;.content-wrap .entry img,.content-wrap .entry p img margin: 0 auto;hrborder-bottom:none;hrborder-top: 1px solid #eee;margin-top: 20px !important;.entry-content a:hover background: #ffec54;atext-decoration:none;tableborder-spacing: 0 !important;border:0;border-collapse: collapse;tdpadding: 0.5rem;thpadding: 0.5rem;border:0;text-align: left !important;.table td border: 0px; border-top: 1px solid #eee;tbody tr:nth-child(2n+1) td, tr:nth-child(2n+1) th background: #f9f9f9;.key-difference border: 1px solid #d6d6d6; background-color: #e0f1f5; padding: 0.938rem; margin-bottom: 20px;.img_caption text-align: center !important;.alert.alert-error background-color: #f6e7e7;border: 1px solid #edd1d0;border-radius: 0.1875rem;box-sizing: inherit;color: #b94a48;margin: 1.5rem 0px;margin-bottom: 1.5rem;padding: 0.938rem;text-align: center;text-shadow: none;.alert-error a color: #000; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;.alert.alert-success background-color: #dfeedf;border: 1px solid #c4e0c4;border-radius: 0.1875rem;box-sizing: inherit;color: #468847;list-style: outside none none;margin: 1.5rem 0px;margin-bottom: 1.5rem;padding: 0.938rem;text-align: center;text-shadow: none;.alert-success a color: #356635; font-weight: bold;.alert.alert-info background-color: #e2eff5;border: 1px solid #c7e0ec;border-radius: 0.1875rem;border-top-left-radius: 3px;border-top-right-radius: 3px;box-sizing: inherit;color: #3a87ad;list-style: outside none none;margin: 1.5rem 0px;margin-bottom: 1.5rem;padding: 0.938rem;text-shadow: none;.alert-info acolor: #2d6987; font-weight: bold;body p margin: 0 0 1.3rem 0 !important;.review-borderborder:1px solid #eee;h1 a, h2 a, h3 a, h4 a, h5 a, h6 acolor: #0556f3;.alert.alert-warning background-color: #f8f4ec;border: 1px solid #eee4d2;border-radius: 0.1875rem;box-sizing: inherit;color: #c09853;list-style: outside none none;margin: 1.5rem 0px;margin-bottom: 1.5rem;padding: 0.938rem;text-shadow: none;.alert-warning a color: #6c5328; font-weight: bold;codebackground-color: #f7f7f7;color: #9c1d3d;padding: 2px 4px;border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);font-size: 1rem;border-radius: 0.1875rem;.button1 background: #2f81ff; color: #fff!important; font-size: 14px; padding: 8px 13px; text-align: center; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap;ul, ol, dl margin-top: 1.5rem !important; margin-bottom: 1.5rem !important;imgdisplay: inline-block;h1margin-top: 10px !important;h2, h3, h4, h5margin: 1.5rem 0 0.75rem 0 !important;.with-ribbon position: relative;.with-ribbon figcaption position: absolute;right: 0;top: 0;padding: 10px;display: inline-block;color: #fff;background: red;.nav-link-center order: 1;.nav-previous order: 0;.nav-next order: 2;.single-content h2:first-child margin-top: 0px !important;.single-content h3margin-top: 0px;.single-content h2margin-top: 0px !important;.entry-contentmargin-top: 0px !important;.entry-metamargin-bottom: 0px !important;.entry-headermargin-bottom: 0px !important;.tool-sticky thborder:1px solid #eee !important;background: #ffe !important;.tool-sticky tdborder: 1px solid #eee !important;.tool-sticky tbody tr:nth-child(2n+1) tdbackground: #fff;.button1 background: #2f81ff; color: #fff!important; font-size: 14px; padding: 8px 13px; text-align: center; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap;thbackground: #f2f2f2;@media only screen and (max-width: 1023px) table display: block;overflow: scroll;overflow-x: auto;overflow-y: auto;.pagenav background: #df5035; font-size: 1rem; border-radius: 5px; border: 0px; padding: 0.8rem 1rem;color:#fff;.comment-navigation .nav-previous:after, .post-navigation .nav-previous:after position: inherit;.header-menu-container ul.menu>li.kadence-menu-mega-columns-3>ul.sub-menu grid-template-columns: 30% 30% 30%; .single-post .entry-header margin-bottom: 0px !important;.comment-navigation .nav-links, .post-navigation .nav-links display: flex !important;flex-flow: row !important;justify-content: space-between !important;.site-header-row display: flex !important;justify-content: space-evenly;.header-navigation ul margin: 0 !important;.header-menu-container ul.menu>li.kadence-menu-mega-width-custom>ul.sub-menu transition-duration: .5s !important;@media (max-width: 767px) .hidden-phone display: none !important;.vs-sticky min-width: 100px; max-width: 300px; left: 0px; position: sticky; background-color: white !important;@media (max-width: 767px).kt-row-column-wrap.kt-mobile-layout-row>.wp-block-kadence-column margin-bottom: 0px !important;.wp-has-aspect-ratio--aspect-ratio:56.25% !important;.wgs_wrapper td.gsib_apadding: 0px; background: none;.wgs_wrapper .gsc-input-boxborder:1px solid black;@media(max-width: 360px) .responsivetable width: 38%; @media screen and (max-width: 540px) and (min-width: 361px) .responsivetable width: 35%; @media screen and (max-width: 541px) and (min-width: 959px) .responsivetable width: 30%; @media screen and (max-width: 1599px) and (min-width: 960px) .responsivetable width: 16%; @media screen and (min-width: 1600px) .responsivetable width: 15%; h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 font-weight: 700 !important;.wp-block-latest-posts.wp-block-latest-posts__list.is-grid li>acolor:#0556f3;div.w3-container.w3-half box-sizing: border-box;float: left;width: 100%;div.w3-row.w3-border::after clear: both;content: "";display: table;div.w3-row.w3-border::before clear: both;content: "";display: table;@media (min-width: 601px) div.w3-container.w3-half width: 50%;.top-prosbackground:green;color:#FFF;margin-right: 10px !important;padding:5px;.top-consbackground:darkred;color:#FFF;margin-left: 10px !important;padding:5px;.entry-content a.nohover:hover background: transparent;div.lasso-grid-row .lasso-description min-height: 10px;div.lasso-grid-row .lasso-badge color: #fff;background:#5e36ca !important;div.lasso-grid-row .lasso-description font-size: 20px;.lasso-grid-row .lasso-splash .lasso-title min-height: 10px;a.lasso-button-1background: #2f81ff !important;@media screen and (max-width: 1200px)div.lasso-grid-row .lasso-description min-height: 10px !important;.hilr background-color: #ffb1b5 !important;.hilb background-color: #c1f7ff !important;.hilight background-color: yellow !important;a:hover.button1 background: #2f81ff !important;.header-menu-container ul.menu>li.menu-item-has-children>ul.sub-menu visibility: hidden !important;.header-menu-container ul.menu>li.menu-item-has-children>ul.sub-menu.show visibility: visible !important; opacity: 1; clip: auto; height: auto; overflow: visible;.lasso-badgez-index: 10;.header-menu-container ul.menu>li.kadence-menu-mega-enabled>ul a width: 100% !important;@media (max-width: 500px) .entry-meta-divider-customicon span.meta-label display: none;@media (max-width: 1024px) .primary-sidebar.widget-areadisplay: none;.toolbutton background: #f68700 !important;border-radius: 1000px;padding: 10px 27px;color: #ffffff !important;display: inline-block;font-weight: bold;font-size: 27px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;a:hover.toolbutton background: #ff9f00 !important;color: #ffffff !important;.site-main-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-inner border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc;.box12border: 0.3px solid #eee; box-sizing: border-box; border-radius: 8px; padding-top: 10px; padding-left: 15px; line-height: 1.8em; background: #F6FCFF;div.w3-topta-container1.w3-topta-half1 box-sizing: border-box;float: left;width: 100%;border: 1px solid #e0def5;margin: 5px;border-radius: 15px;padding: 10px;background-color: #f2f1fb;div.w3-topta-row1.w3-topta-border1::after clear: both;content: "";display: table;div.w3-topta-row1.w3-topta-border1::before clear: both;content: "";display: table;@media (min-width: 766px) div.w3-topta-container1.w3-topta-half1 width: 18.5%;@media (min-width: 766px) div.topta-lastbox width: 19% !important;.topta-button2 background: #2f81ff !important; color: #fff!important; font-size: 18px; padding: 10px 50px; text-align: center; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap;border-radius: 1000px;@media only screen and (min-width: 767px) and (max-width: 1023px) .topta-button2 padding: 10px 15px !important; @media only screen and (min-width: 1024px) and (max-width: 1149px) .topta-button2 padding: 10px 30px !important; div.elementor-widget-topta-container99 box-sizing: border-box;color: #111111;font-size: 15px;line-height: 25.5px;word-wrap: break-word;margin-bottom:15px;div.top-3__topta-best-choise99 align-items: center;background: #5e36ca;bottom: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;color: white;display: flex;font-size: 15px;font-weight: 600;height: 40px;justify-content: center;left: 0px;line-height: 25.5px;margin: -30px auto 0px;position: relative;right: 0px;text-align: center;text-transform: capitalize;top: 0px;width: 150px;word-wrap: break-word;div.top-3__topta-best-choise99::before border-style: solid;border-width: 0px 0px 20px 20px;content: "";left: 0px;margin-left: -20px;position: absolute;top: 0px;border-color: transparent transparent #1e0b7c transparent;@media (max-width: 766px) div.top-3__topta-best-choise99margin: -15px auto 0px !important;#more1 display: none;.kt-blocks-accordion-header background: #f7f9fe !important;.kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover background: #ffffff !important;.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]display:none !important;Skip to contentHome
TestingExpandAgile TestingJUnitQuality Center(ALM)BugzillaHP LoadrunnerRPACucumberSoftware TestingSAP TestingDatabase TestingMobile TestingSeleniumETL TestingMantisSoapUIJMeterPostmanTEST ManagementJIRAQTPTestLinkSAPExpandABAPCRMPI/POAPOCrystal ReportsPPBeginnersFICOSDBasisHANASAPUI5BODSHRSecurity TutorialBI/BWMMSolution ManagerBPCQMSuccessfactorsCOPayrollSAP CoursesWebExpandApacheJavaPHPSQL ServerAngularJSJSPPL/SQLUMLASP.NETKotlinPostgreSQLVB.NETCLinuxPythonVBScriptC#MariaDBReactJSWeb ServicesC++MS AccessRuby & RailsWPFCodeIgniterMySQLScalaSQLiteDBMSNode.jsSQLPerlJavaScriptMust LearnExpandAccountingEmbedded SystemsOperating SystemAlgorithmsEthical HackingPMPAndroidExcel TutorialPhotoshopBlockchainGo ProgrammingProject ManagementBusiness AnalystIoTReviewsBuild WebsiteITILSalesforceCloud ComputingJenkinsSEOCOBOLMISSoftware EngineeringCompiler DesignMovieVBACoursesNetworkingVPNBig DataExpandAWSHivePower BIBig DataInformaticaQlikviewCassandraMicroStrategyTableauCognosMongoDBTalendData WarehousingNiFiZooKeeperDevOpsOBIEEPentahoHBaseLive ProjectExpandLive Agile TestingLive Selenium ProjectLive HP ALMLive Selenium 2Live Java ProjectLive Security TestingLive Mobile TestingLive Testing ProjectLive Payment GatewayLive Testing 2Live PHP ProjectLive TelecomLive Projects HubLive UFT/QTP TestingLive Python ProjectLive SEO ProjectAIExpandArtificial IntelligencePyTorchData ScienceR ProgrammingKerasTensorFlowNLTKSearchToggle Menu10 BEST Operating System (OS) for Hacking in 2023ByLawrence WilliamsHoursUpdatedDecember 23, 2022@media(min-width: 520px).responsive-guru99-mobile1 float:left;min-height: 280px; @media(max-width: 519px).responsive-guru99-mobile1 min-height: 280px !important; @media(max-width: 499px).responsive-guru99-mobile1display: none !important;@media(max-width: 499px).responsive-guru99-mobile12 margin-right:6px;width:345px;min-height:100px; googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1565016699961-0'); if (typeof(pubwise) != 'undefined' && pubwise.enabled === true) pbjs.que.push(function () pwRegisterLazyLoad(gptadslots['div-gpt-ad-1565016699961-0'], 1, [50,0,50,0], 0, 768, 2); ); else googletag.pubads().refresh([gptadslots['div-gpt-ad-1565016699961-0']]); ); googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1565016699961-1'); if (typeof(pubwise) != 'undefined' && pubwise.enabled === true) pbjs.que.push(function () pwRegisterLazyLoad(gptadslots['div-gpt-ad-1565016699961-1'], 1, [50,0,50,0], 0, 768, 2); ); else googletag.pubads().refresh([gptadslots['div-gpt-ad-1565016699961-1']]); ); Ethical hacking is identifying weaknesses in computer systems or networks to exploit its vulnerabilities so they can be fixed later. Hackers use various techniques to identify threats and thereby increase the security of the device. These people can utilize Linux based operating system to hack PC or network. It contains a wide range of applications to prevent cybersecurity attacks. 2ff7e9595c
Comments